教學大綱 Syllabus

週次

課程主題

課程內容(I)與指定閱讀(II)

教學活動與作業

學習投入時數

課堂講授

課程前後

1

導論

I. 宗教哲學(philosophy of religion)、哲學神學(philosophical theology)、自然神學(natural theology)與自然無神學(natural atheology)

II. (1) Morris, Thomas V. Our Idea of God: An Introduction to Philosophical Theology. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1991. Chapter 1. 15-26. (2) Murray, Michael J., and Michael Rea. “Philosophy and Christian Theology.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition). Ed. Edward N. Zalta. .

講授與討論

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存有論論證⑴

I. 存有論論證(ontological argument)⑴─安瑟倫(Anselm of Canterbury)與高尼羅(Gaunilo of Marmoutiers)

II. (1) Anselm of Canterbury. Proslogion. In Anselm of Canterbury: The Major Works. Eds. Brian Davis and Gillian Rosemary Evans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. 82-104. (2) Gaunilo of Marmoutiers. Pro Insipiente. In Anselm of Canterbury: The Major Works. 105-109.

講授與討

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存有論論證⑵

I. 存有論論證⑵─笛卡爾(René Descartes)與康德(Immanuel Kant)

II. (1) Descartes, René. “Fifth Meditation: The Essence of Material Things, and the Existence of God Considered a Second Time.” Meditations on First Philosophy: with Selections from the Objections and Replies. Trans. and ed. John Cottingham. Rev. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 44-49. (2) Kant, Immanuel. “On the Impossibility of an Ontological Proof of God’s Existence.” Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. and eds. Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 563-569 (A592/B620-A602/B630).

講授與討論

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存有論論證⑶

I. 存有論論證⑶─馬爾科姆(Norman Malcolm)與哈茨洪(Charles Hartshorne)

II. (1) Malcolm, Norman. “Anselm’s Ontological Argument.” The Philosophical Review 69 (1960): 41-62. (2) Hartshorne, Charles. The Logic of Perfection. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court Publishing Company, 1962. 49-56.

講授與討論

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國慶日（放假）

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宇宙論論證⑴

I. 宇宙論論證(cosmological argument)⑴─亞里斯多德(Aristotle)與阿奎那(Thomas Aquinas)

II. (1) Aristotle. Physics. Trans. C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, 2018. Book VII, Chapter 1. 125-127. (2) Thomas Aquinas. “The Existence of God.” In Aquinas, Summa Theologica. Trans. Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Westminster, Maryland: Christian Classics, 1981. Volume 1, 11-14 (Part One, Question 2). Online version: <http://www.ccel.org/ccel/aquinas/summa.html>.

講授與討論

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宇宙論論證⑵

I. 宇宙論論證⑵─凱拉姆式宇宙論論證(kalam cosmological argument)

II. (1) Craig, William Lane, and J[ames] P[orter] Moreland. Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2003. Part VI, Chapter 23: “The Existence of God (I).” 463-481. (2) Draper, Paul. “A Critique of the Kalām Cosmological Argument.” Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology. Eds. Louis P. Pojman and Michael C. Rea. 5^th ed. Belmont, California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. 45-51.

講授與討論

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宇宙論論證⑶

I. 宇宙論論證⑶─多瑪斯主義式宇宙論論證(Thomistic cosmological argument)

II. (1) Joyce, George Hayward. Principles of Natural Theology. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1923. 56-78. (2) Edwards, Paul. “The Cosmological Argument.” The Rationalist Annual for the Year 1959. Ed. Hector Hawton. London: Watts & Co, 1959. 63-77.

講授與討論

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宇宙論論證⑷

I. 宇宙論論證⑷─萊布尼茲式宇宙論論證(Leibnizian cosmological argument)

II. (1) Leibniz, Gottfried Willhelm. “On the Ultimate Origination of Things.” Philosophical Essays. Ed. and trans. Roger Ariew and Daniel Garber. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, 1989. 149-155. (2) Pruss, Alexander R. “The Leibnizian Cosmological Argument.” The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. Ed. William Lane Craig and J[ames] P[orter] Moreland. Chichester, UK/Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. Chapter 2. 24-100.

講授與討論

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宇宙論論證⑸

I. 宇宙論論證⑸─休謨(David Hume)與羅素(Bertrand Russell)的批評

II. (1) Hume, David. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion And Other Writings. Ed. Dorothy Coleman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Part IX. 63-67. (2) Russell, Bertrand, and F[rederick] C[harles] Copleston. “The Existence of God: A Debate between Bertrand Russell and Father F. C. Copleston. S.J.” Why I am not a Christian and Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects. By Bertrand Russell. London: Routledge, 2004. Chapter 12. 125-152.

講授與討論

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目的論論證⑴

I. 目的論論證(teleological argument)⑴─蘇格拉底(Socrates)與西塞羅(Marcus Tullius Cicero)

II. (1) Xenophon, Memorabilia. In Memorabilia, Oeconomicus, Symposium, Apology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1997. 53-65. (2) Cicero, [Marcus Tullius]. The Nature of the Gods. Trans. P[atrick] G[erard] Walsh. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Book I. 3-46.

講授與討論

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目的論論證⑵

I. 目的論論證⑵─類比式目的論論證(analogical teleological argument)

II. (1) Paley, William. Natural Theology, or Evidence of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, Collected from the Appearances of Nature. Ed. Matthew D. Eddy and David M. Knight. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Chapter 1. 7-31. (2) Hume, David. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion And Other Writings. Ed. Dorothy Coleman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Part II. 17-28.

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目的論論證⑶

I. 目的論論證⑶─概率式目的論論證(probabilistic teleological argument)

II. (1) Collins, Robin. “The Teleological Argument: An Exploration of the Fine-Tuning of the Universe.” The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. Ed. William Lane Craig and J[ames] P[orter] Moreland. Chichester, UK/Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. Chapter 4. 202-281. (2) Manson, Neil A. “The Design Argument and Natural Theology.” The Oxford Handbook of Natural Theology. Ed. Russell Re Manning. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013. 295-309.

講授與討論

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道德論證⑴

I. 道德論證(moral argument)⑴─傳統道德論證

II. (1) Lewis, C[live] S[taples]. Mere Christianity. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1952. London: Fount Paperbacks, 1977. San Francisco: Harper, 2001. 3-27. (2) Adams, Robert Merrihew. “Moral Arguments for Theistic Belief.” Rationality and Religious Belief. Ed. C[ornelius] F. Delaney. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre dame Press, 1979. 116-140.

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道德論證⑵

I. 道德論證⑵─康德式道德論證(Kantian moral argument)

II. (1) Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Practical Reason [1788]. Ak 5:124-5:132. Practical Philosophy. Trans. Mary Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 239-246. (2) Linville, Mark D. “The Moral Argument.” The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. Ed. William Lane Craig and J[ames] P[orter] Moreland. Chichester, UK/Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. Chapter 7. 391-448.

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其他論證⑴

I. 其他論證⑴─心智論論證(noölogical argument)

II. (1) Adams, Robert Merrihew. “Flavors, Colors, and God.” The Virtue of Faith and Other Essays in Philosophical Theology. By Adams. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. 243-262. (2) Page, Ben. “Arguing to Theism from Consciousness.” Faith and Philosophy 37.3 (2020): 336-362.

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其他論證⑵

I. 其他論證⑵─基於宗教經驗的論證

II. (1) Broad, C[harles] D[unbar]. Religion, Philosophy and Psychological Research. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1930. 159-174. (2) Alston, William P[ayne]. “The Perception of God.” Philosophical Topics 16.2 (1988): 23-52.

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期末考試週