Type of Credit: Elective
Credit(s)
Number of Students
The Cultural Ecology of Forests: Green Development, Conservation, and Climate Change
文化生態研究專題：森林的綠色發展，保育和氣候變遷
Course Description
What exactly is a forest and from whose perspective is a forest defined? How are forests used, by whom, and with what effects? To answer these questions, we will examine case studies from Southeast Asia to understand forests in multiple registers and from the perspective of many different users, including the forest itself. We will study the institutional frameworks of Green Development, Conservation, and Climate Change, and use empirical examples from Southeast Asia to contextualize them in practice. Examples will include case studies about the history of forest management and the ways that development, conservation, and climate change interact with forest resources and communities that live in and around forests. The objective of the course is to introduce the historical trajectory of forest use and management from the colonial era to the present in the Southeast Asian context. Also to teach students how to think critically about different resource-use practices, social systems, and technologies. Through the examination of stories, documents, and policies, we will discuss the many possible ways to use forest resources and the effects of those different strategies. Through this examination, we will come to understand the beliefs, values, and structures that underlie different practices and how these shift over time and across groups. To explore this dynamic and transformative interaction, we excavate the concepts above, attending to their structures, interchanges, and contradictions. Through primary source materials, ethnographic and historical studies, and theories that attend to the world-making power of culture, this course will provide more questions than answers. The objective is to trace how people not only use resources and develop policies toward that end, but also to make visible the boundaries and divisions that these various projects ignite. Our collective challenge will be to look through these boundaries to find transformative pathways.
能力項目說明
Learning Objectives
Understand the dynamics between policy and practice
Understand classic and emerging trends in sustainable development practice
Understand forest ecologies and contemporary ethnographic theories related to them
Goals
Students will be prepared to engage with living ecological processes that include institutional actors, activities of daily human lives, and activities of living environments
Students will have a broad knowledge of policy processes with regard to forest conservation and development
Students will have an emerging understand of climate change as science and social process
Course Schedule
Week 1
Introduction - Contradictions and Complications
Course Basics and expectations
Essential Concepts for Reading
Opening Theoretical Framework
In-class Read:
Partha Dasgupta: ‘It’s not a giant step to introduce nature into economics’
Week 2: Environmental Economics and The Web of Life
Read:
Economics
Daly, H. E. (2007). Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development:
Selected Essays of Herman Daly. In Advances in Ecological Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing. Read Part 1
Koch, M. (2020). Structure, action and change: a Bourdieusian perspective on the preconditions for a degrowth transition. Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy, 16(1), 4–14.
Representations
Kirksey, Eben. (2015). Emergent Ecologies. Durham and London: Duke
University Press. Read: Introduction and Chapter 1
Castree, Noel. Making sense of nature. Routledge, 2013.
Read: Chapter 2: Representing Nature
Video:
Prey Lang Watershed video- Alan Michaud
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKb5AX-xMSM
Week 3: Forests as Communicating Ecosystems
Read:
Gorzelak, M., Pickles, B.J., Asay, A.K., Simard, S.W. (2015). Inter-plant communication through mycorrhizal networks mediates complex adaptive behaviour in plant communities. Annals of Botany Plants 7: plv050.
Ellison, D., M. N. Futter, and K. Bishop. 2012. ‘On the forest cover-water yield debate: From demand- to supply-side thinking’. Global Change Biology 18 (3):806–820.
Nixon, Rob. 2021. “The Less Selfish Gene Forest Altruism, Neoliberalism, and the Tree of Life.” Environmental Humanities 13 (2): 348–71. https://doi.org/10.1215/22011919-9320189.
Video:
The Mother Tree Project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuupJGko9_0
Week 4 -5: Climate Change Facts and Cultures
Week 4
Review these websites
https://www.climatecommunication.org/climate/the-problem/ http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/mlo.html#mlo
https://www.c2es.org/content/international-emissions/
https://ourworldindata.org/consumption-based-co2
Read:
Rayner, Steve. (2016). ‘What Might Evans-Pritchard Have Made of Two Degrees?’ Anthropology Today 32(4): 1–2.
Jobson, R. C. (2020). The Case for Letting Anthropology Burn: Sociocultural Anthropology in 2019. American Anthropologist, 000(0), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13398
O’Reilly, J., Isenhour, C., McElwee, P., &Orlove, B. (2020). Climate Change: Expanding Anthropological Possibilities. Annual Review of Anthropology, 49, 13–29.
Week 5:
Read:
https://www.chathamhouse.org/2022/11/cop27-what-was-achieved-and-what-needs-happen-now
https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2011/04/history-of-climategate/
Soon, W., and S. L. Baliunas. 2003. ‘Proxy climatic and environmental changes of the past 1000 years’. Climate Research 23, 89-110 23 (2001):89–110.
Kinne, O. 2003. Climate Research: an article unleashed worldwide storms. Climate Research 24:197–198.
Frank Fischer (2019) Knowledge politics and post-truth in climate denial: on the social construction of alternative facts, Critical Policy Studies, 13:2, 133-152, DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2019.1602067
Norgaard, Kari Marie. 2019. Making sense of the spectrum of climate denial. Critical Policy Studies. 13:4, 437–441 https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2019.1671208
In class viewing: The Great Global Warming Swindle
Week 6, 8, and 9: Forests, Climate Change, and Development in Southeast Asia
Week 6: Theory
Fairhead, J., Leach, M., & Scoones, I. (2012). Green Grabbing: a new
appropriation of nature? The Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(2), 237–261.
Tsing, A. L. 2001. Inside the Economy of Appearances. In Globalization, 155–88.
Durhan: Duke University Press.
Paprocki, K. (2022). Anticipatory ruination. Journal of Peasant Studies.
Week 7: USAID Sustainable Forests and Biodiversity Project: Cambodia
Read Project Documents:
USAID, United States Agency for International Aid, and Tetra TechTT. 2018. “USAID Greening Prey Lang Year One Work Plan.” Phnom Penh. https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00VPKC.pdf.
USAID, United States Agency for International Aid, and Tetra Tech International, TT. 2020. “USAID Greening Prey Lang: Evaluation of Effectiveness of Activities for Supporting and Strengthening Protected Area Law Enforcement in the Prey Lang Extended Landscape.” Phnom Penh.
USAID, United States Agency for International Aid, and Tetra Tech International TT. 2021. “USAID Greening Prey Lang: Annual Report # 3.”
Read Research from Project Area:
Work, Courtney, Ida Theilade, and Try Thuon. 2022. “Under the Canopy of Development Aid: Illegal Logging and the Shadow State.” Journal of Peasant Studies 0 (0): 1–23.
Milne, S. 2015. ‘Cambodia’s Unofficial Regime of Extraction: Illicit Logging in the Shadow of Transnational Governance and Investment’. Critical Asian Studies. 47 (2):200–228.
News and USAID Statements:
http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/men-charged-case-monkey-poaching
https://www.rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/conservation-12052022130416.html
https://www.rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/monkeys-12012022142723.html
Week 8: UN-REDD: Laos
Review website
https://www.un-redd.org/about/programme
Read :
External Evaluation of the UN program on REDD (2014)
Lang, C. (2016). Konflikte um Rohstoffe in Asien REDDheads: The people behind REDD and the climate scam in Southeast Asia. Stiftung Asienhaus.
Asiyanbi, A. P., &Massarella, K. (2020). Transformation is what you expect, models are what you get: REDD + and models in conservation and development. Journal of Political Ecology, 27, 378–495.
Ingalls, M. L., and M. B. Dwyer. 2016. ‘Missing the forest for the trees? Navigating the trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation under REDD’. Climatic Change. online.
McElwee, P. (2016). Forests are Gold: Trees, People, and Environmental Rule. University of Washington Press. Chapter 5
Week 9: Midterm Exam (Essay Due 4/17, 5pm)- No Class
Week 10, 11, and 12: Forest Governance: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Cambodia
Week 10
Theory
Scott, J. C. 1998. Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. First. New Haven: Yale University Press. Introduction and Chapter 1
Wood, Denis. Rethinking the power of maps. Guilford Press, 2010. Chapter 1: Maps Blossom in the Springtime of the State
Montefrio, M. J. F., and W. H. Dressler. 2016. ‘The Green Economy and Constructions of the “Idle” and “Unproductive” Uplands in the Philippines’. World Development 79:114–126.
Ribot, J. C., and N. L. Peluso. 2009. ‘A Theory of Access*’. Rural Sociology. 68
(2):153–181.
Week 11
Maps, Boundaries, and Appropriate Use
Thongchai, W. (1994). Siam mapped: a history of the geo-body of a nation.
University of Hawai’i Press. Intro, Chapters 1, 2, and 7.
Cooke, F. M. 2003. ‘Maps and Counter-Maps: Globalized Imaginings and Local
Realities of Sarawak’s Plantation Agriculture’. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34 (May 2001):265–284.
Work, C., and A. Beban. 2016. ‘Mapping the Srok: The Mimeses of Land Title in
Cambodia’. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 31 (1):37–80.
In-class viewing: The History of the World
Inuit and Pacific Island maps
Week 12
State Forests and Plantations
McElwee, P. (2016). Forests are Gold: Trees, People, and Environmental Rule.
University of Washington Press. Introduction, Chapter 1
Tania Murray Li, & Pujo Semedi. (2021). Plantation Life: Corporate Occupation in Indonesia’s
Oil Palm Zone. Duke University Press. Introduction and Chapter 5
Lye, Tuck-Po. 2011. “The Wild and the Tame in Protected-Areas Management in
Peninsular Malaysia”. In, Beyond the Sacred Forest: Complicating Conservation in Southeast Asia. Dove, M., P. E. Sajise, and A. A. Doolittle eds., Chapel Hill: Duke University Press.
Week 13 and 14: Forests and People in Southeast Asia
Week 13
Theory: Thinking with Forests and People
Read:
Kohn, E. 2013. How forests think: Toward an anthropology beyond the human.
(Intro and Chapter 5)
Howell, S. (2016). Critical Anthropological Engagements in Human Alterity and
Difference. Critical Anthropological Engagements in Human Alterity and Difference, 43–63.
Descola, P. 2009. Human natures. Social Anthropology 17 (2):145–157.
Bird-David, N. (1990). The Giving Environment: Another Perspective on the Economic System
of Gatherer-Hunters. Current Anthropology, 31(2), 189–196.
Dove, M. R. (2021). Bitter Shade: The ecological challenge of human consciousness. Yale
University Press. [Chapter 2: Pig-humans and Human-pigs]
Week 14
Forest economies
Read:
Peluso, N. L. 1992. Rich forests, poor people: Resource control and resistance in
Java. Berkeley: University of California Press. Chapter 4: Organized forest violence; Reorganized forest access, 1942-66.
Padwe, Jonathan. 2020. Disturbed Forests, Fragmented Memories: Jarai and
Other Lives in the Cambodian Highlands. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Introduction, Chapter 1
VanDexter, K., &Visseren-Hamakers, I. (2020). Forests in the time of peace.
Journal of Land Use Science, 15(2–3), 327–342.
Sanga, G., & Ortalli, G. (2003). Nature Knowledge. New York and Oxford:
Berghahn Books. (Part 3 – thought; Part 4- Use)
Week 15, 16, and 17: Thinking into the Future
Week 15: The Anthropocene and the more than human world to come
Read:
Tsing, A. L., Mathews, A. S., & Bubandt, N. (2019). Patchy anthropocene: Landscape structure,
multispecies history, and the retooling of anthropology: An introduction to supplement 20. Current Anthropology, 60(S20), S186–S197. https://doi.org/10.1086/703391
Fitz-Henry, E. (2022). Multi-species justice: a view from the rights of nature movement.
Environmental Politics, 31(2), 338–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1957615
Dove, M. R. (2021). Bitter Shade: The ecological challenge of human consciousness. Yale
University Press. [Introduction and Ch. 8, and Epilogue]
In-class viewing
What explains the rise of humans? Noah Yuval Harare
Week 16: Re-source-fulness
Read:
Lockyer, Joshua, and James R. Veteto. 2013. Environmental anthropology engaging ecotopia:
bioregionalism, permaculture, and ecovillages. New York: Berghahn Books.
DePuy, Walker, Jacob Weger, Katie Foster, Anya M Bonanno, Suneel Kumar, Kristen
Lear, RaulBasilio, andLauraGerman. 2022. “Environmental Governance: Broadening Ontological Spaces for a More Livable World.” Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 5 (2): 947–75.
Dove, M. R. (2015). Linnaeus’ study of Swedish swidden cultivation: Pioneering ethnographic
work on the “economy of nature.” Ambio, 44(3), 239–248.
Eissler, S., Ader, D., Huot, S., Brown, S., Bates, R., & Gill, T. (2021). Wild gardening as a
sustainable intensification strategy in northwest Cambodian smallholder systems. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 10(3), 1–20.
Week 17: Living with Change
Read:
Scott, James. 2017. Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Early States. New Haven:
Yale University Press. Agroecology of the Early State (116-124), and Praising Collapse (209-218).
Parker, Ingrid M. 2017. “Remembering our Amnesia, Seeing in our Blindness”. In, Arts
of Living on a Damaged Planet. Ed, Tsing, Anna, Heather Swanson, Elaine Gan, and Nils Bubandt. University of Minnesota Press, pp. M155-M167.
Sagan, Dorion. 2017. “Beautiful Monsters: Terra in the Cyanocene”. In, Arts of Living on
a Damaged Planet. Ed, Tsing, Anna, Heather Swanson, Elaine Gan, and Nils Bubandt. University of Minnesota Press, pp. M169-M174.
Week 18- 6/15 No Class
Final Take-home Short Answer Exam: Due June 16 5pm
Write 5-8000 words answering a question of your own design that addresses the dynamic interplay between governance and transformation at the heart of the Anthropocene
[If you are paralyzed by having to design your own question, a question can be assigned]
Course Bibliography
Barbesgaard, Mads. 2018. “Blue Growth: Savior or Ocean Grabbing?” Journal of Peasant Studies 45 (1): 130–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2017.1377186.
Berliner, David, MichaelLambek, RichardShweder, RichardIrvine, andAlbertPiette. 2016. “Anthropology and the Study of Contradictions.” HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 6 (1): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.14318/hau6.1.002.
Castree, Noel. 2013. Making Sense of Nature. New York and London: Routledge.
Cooke, Fadzilah Majid. 2003. “Maps and Counter-Maps: Globalised Imaginings and Local Realities of Sarawak’s Plantation Agriculture.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34 (May 2001): 265–84. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463403000250.
DeLoughrey, Elizabeth, Jill Didur, and A.Carrigan. 2015. Global Ecologies and the Environmental Humanities: Postcolonial Approaches. New York and London: Routledge.
Descola, Philippe. 2009. “Human Natures.” Social Anthropology 17 (2): 145–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2009.00063.x.
Dove, M. R. (2015). Linnaeus’ study of Swedish swidden cultivation: Pioneering
ethnographic work on the “economy of nature.” Ambio, 44(3), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0543-6
Dove, Michael, Percy E.Sajise, and Amity A.Doolittle. 2011. Beyond the Sacred Forest: Complicating Conservation in Southeast Asia. Edited by MichaelDove, Percy E.Sajise, andAmity ADoolittle. Chapel Hill: Duke University Press.
Ellison, David, Martyn N.Futter, and Kevin Bishop. 2012. “On the Forest Cover-Water Yield Debate: From Demand- to Supply-Side Thinking.” Global Change Biology 18 (3): 806–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02589.x.
Fairhead, James, Melissa Leach, and Ian Scoones. 2012. “Green Grabbing: A New Appropriation of Nature?” The Journal of Peasant Studies 39 (2): 237–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2012.671770.
Fischer, Frank. 2019. “Knowledge Politics and Post-Truth in Climate Denial: On the Social Construction of Alternative Facts.” Critical Policy Studies 13 (2): 133–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2019.1602067.
Gorzelak, Monika A., Amanda K.Asay, Brian J.Pickles, andSuzanne W.Simard. 2015. “Inter-Plant Communication through Mycorrhizal Networks Mediates Complex Adaptive Behaviour in Plant Communities.” AoB Plants 7: plv050. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv050.
Handley, George B. 2015. “Climate Change, Cosmology, and Poetry: The Case of Derek Walcott’s Omeros.” In Global Ecologies and the Environmental Humanities: Postcolonial Approaches, edited by ElizabethDeLoughrey, JillDidur, andAnthonyCarrigan, 333–51. New York and London: Routledge.
Howell, S. (2016). Critical Anthropological Engagements in Human Alterity and Difference, 43–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40475-2.
Ingalls, Micah L., and Michael B.Dwyer. 2016. “Missing the Forest for the Trees? Navigating the Trade-Offs between Mitigation and Adaptation under REDD.” Climatic Change 136: 353–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1612-6.
Kallis, Giorgos, SusanPaulson, GiacomoD’Alisa, andFedericoDemaria. 2020. The Case for Degrowth. Cambridge and Medford: Polity Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5cg82g.7.Kinne, O. 2003. “Climate Research: An Article Unleashed Worldwide Storms.” Climate Research 24: 197–98. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr024197.
Kirksey, Eben. 2015. Emergent Ecologies. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Kohn, Eduardo. 2013. How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology beyond the Human. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
Latour, Bruno. 2014. “Agency at the Time of the Anthropocene.” New Literary History 45 (1): 1–18.
Lindisfarne, Nancy, and Steve Rayner. 2016. “Climate Change.” Anthropology Today 32 (5): 27.
Lockyer, Joshua, and James R.Veteto. 2013. Environmental Anthropology Engaging Ecotopia: Bioregionalism, Permaculture, and Ecovillages. New York: Berghahan Books.
MacKinnon, D., and K. D.Derickson. 2013. “From Resilience to Resourcefulness: A Critique of Resilience Policy and Activism.” Progress in Human Geography 37 (2): 253–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132512454775.
McElwee, P. (2016). Forests are Gold: Trees, People, and Environmental Rule.
University of Washington Press.
Milne, Sarah. 2015. “Cambodia’s Unofficial Regime of Extraction: Illicit Logging in the Shadow of Transnational Governance and Investment.” Critical Asian Studies 47 (2): 200–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2015.1041275.
Montefrio, Marvin Joseph F, and Wolfram H.Dressler. 2016. “The Green Economy and Constructions of the ‘Idle’ and ‘Unproductive’ Uplands in the Philippines.” World Development 79: 114–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.009.
Norgaard, Kari Marie. 2019. “Making Sense of the Spectrum of Climate Denial.” Critical Policy Studies 13 (4): 437–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2019.1671208.
Padwe, Jonathan. 2020. Disturbed Forests, Fragmented Memories: Jarai and
Other Lives in the Cambodian Highlands. Seattle: University of Washington Press
Peluso, Nancy Lee. 1992. Rich Forests, Poor People: Resource Control and Resistance in Java. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Pye, Oliver, Irendra Radjawali, and Julia. 2017. “Land Grabs and the River: Eco-Social Transformations along the Kapuas, Indonesia.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue Canadienne d’études Du Développement 0 (0): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2017.1298518.
Rayner, Steve. 2016. “What Might Evans-Pritchard Have Made of Two Degrees?” Anthropology Today 32 (4): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12263.
Ribot, Jesse C., and Nancy Lee Peluso. 2009. “A Theory of Access*.” Rural Sociology 68 (2): 153–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2003.tb00133.x.
Sanga, Glauco, andGherardoOrtalli. 2003. Nature Knowledge. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
Scheidel, Arnim. 2016. “Carbon Accounts of Shifting Cultivation: Reductionist Practices , Contentious Politics.” InClimate Change Interventions as a Source of Conflict, Competing Claims and New Mobilities: Increasing the Resilience of Communities and Cities in the South, 1–22. Utrecht: LANDac.
Scott, James. 2017. Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Early States. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. First. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Soon, W., and S. L.Baliunas. 2003. “Proxy Climatic and Environmental Changes of the Past 1000 Years.” Climate Research 23, 89-110 23 (2001): 89–110. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr023089.
Stamets, S. 2005. Mycelium Running. Mycelium Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save the World. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press.
Tsing, A. L. (2015). The mushroom at the end of the world: On the possibility of life in
capitalist ruins. Princeton University Press
Tsing, Anna. 2012. “Unruly Edges : Mushrooms as Companion Species.” Environmental
Humanities 1: 141–54.
Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt. 2001. “Inside the Economy of Appearances.” InGlobalization, 155–88. Durhan: Duke University Press.
Tsing, Anna, Heather Swanson, Elaine Gan, and Nils Bubandt. 2017. Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet. University of Minnesota Press.
VanDexter, K., &Visseren-Hamakers, I. (2020). Forests in the time of peace.
Journal of Land Use Science, 15(2–3), 327–342.
Wood, Denis. 2010. Rethinking the Power of Maps. New York: Guilford Press.
Work, C., V.Rong, D.Song, and A.Scheidel. 2019. “Maladaptation and Development as Usual? Investigating Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Projects in Cambodia.” Climate Policy 19 (sup1). https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1527677.
Work, Courtney. 2017. “Forest Islands and Castaway Communities: REDD+ and Forest Restoration in Prey Lang Forest.” Forests 8 (2): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8020047.
Work, Courtney, and Alice Beban. 2016. “Mapping the Srok: The Mimeses of Land Titling in Cambodia.” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 31 (1): 37–80. https://doi.org/10.1355/sj31-1b.
Work, Courtney, and Ratha Thuon. 2017. “Inside and Outside the Maps: Mutual Accommodation and Forest Destruction in Cambodia.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue Canadienne d’études Du Développement 38 (3): 360–77.
Course Requirements
Mid-Term Short Answer Exam 25%
Class Participation 25%
Pop Quiz 4 (extra credit for exams) (25%)
Final Essay 50%
Short Answer Mid-term Exam
The questions are posted already in Moodle. These are expected to be short, but substantial essays that follow standard academic citation conventions (citations are not counted in total words), Take good class notes and read closely. You will be expected to discuss course materials clearly and concisely in the form of an academic argument.
Final Exam:
Write a formal essay (5-8000 words) exploring the intersections of governance and transformation in forest landscapes
NOTE: The final essay can be a longer paper that explores your own research topic in light of course material.
Class Participation
Show up, on time, prepared to discuss the week’s readings. Computers or cell phones are for note taking, translation assistance, or researching course-related things. Do not do other work during class time. Be respectful of others’ opinions, share interesting things related to the discussion, be mindful of others who may be more shy than you.
Asynchronous participation: Do the course readings before the scheduled class time and send two or three questions or comments on the day’s readings. We will discuss your comments during class.
Pop Quiz
At random moments during the course, the professor will announce a pop quiz. Students will be given 15 min at the beginning of class to answer a question related to the week’s readings. Quizzes are scored on a 10-point scale according to the extent to which the question is answered and the student demonstrates having read and understood the assignment.
Asynchronous participation: Watch the lecture as soon as possible after it is prepared, respond to the pop quiz question within 24 hours of the lecture to receive credit.
All course readings will be supplied electronically. Excerpts from texts and academic articles will be used and students are encouraged to own them